tenacibaculum maritimum atcc 43397 marine agar 24  (ATCC)

Journal: Journal of Fish Diseases

Article Title: Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates

doi: 10.1111/jfd.14088

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of the in vivo immersion challenge of Chinook salmon in individual recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Figure A represents the control group and Figure B represents the challenged group with three O‐AGC Types of Tenacibaculum maritimum strains (Type 3‐0: CCCM20/006; Type 2‐1: CCCM20/102; and Type 3‐2: CCCM20/133) and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi (CCCM21/136, where 13 fish were used instead of 10).

Article Snippet: Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ; Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura ) was first reported in Aotearoa New Zealand Chinook salmon in 1989 (Boustead , 87p.).

Techniques: In Vivo, Control

Journal: Journal of Fish Diseases

Article Title: Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates

doi: 10.1111/jfd.14088

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of naïve Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha experimentally challenged with three molecular O‐AGC type strains of T. maritimum (A, B and D) and an isolate of T. dicentrarchi (C).

Article Snippet: Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ; Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura ) was first reported in Aotearoa New Zealand Chinook salmon in 1989 (Boustead , 87p.).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Fish Diseases

Article Title: Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates

doi: 10.1111/jfd.14088

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gross pathology of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha experimentally challenged with Tenacibaculum maritimum via immersion. (A) Scale loss (2 days postinfection [DPI]). (B) Erythematous skin lesion (3 DPI). (C) Skin lesion with bacterial mat (3 DPI). (D) Skin ulcer under pectoral fin (3 DPI). (E) Tail necrosis and ulcer development towards caudal peduncle (3 DPI). (F) Fin necrosis and abdominal ulcer development (3 DPI). (G) Skin ulcer (8 DPI). (H) Pelvic fin and ventral haemorrhaging (2 DPI). (I) Necrotising anterior kidney epithelial membrane (8 DPI). (J) Yellow plaque on gill filament (2 DPI). (K) Eroded cleithrum bone (8 DPI). (L) Gill erosion (2 DPI).

Article Snippet: Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ; Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura ) was first reported in Aotearoa New Zealand Chinook salmon in 1989 (Boustead , 87p.).

Techniques: Membrane

Journal: Journal of Fish Diseases

Article Title: Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates

doi: 10.1111/jfd.14088

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gross pathology of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) experimentally challenged with Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi via immersion. (A, E) Epidermal ulceration on the caudal peduncle at 2 DPI. (B) Ulcers developing above the anal fin and expanding to the lateral line with yellow bacterial mat formation (6 DPI). (C, 9 DPI and F, 11 DPI) Moribund fish exhibiting severe inflammation and ulceration under the pectoral fin. (D) Mouth rot (11 DPI). (G) Skin lesion with intact dermis (11 DPI). (H) Moribund fish prior to removal from tank with multiple circumscribed ulcer patches (2 DPI).

Article Snippet: Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ; Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura ) was first reported in Aotearoa New Zealand Chinook salmon in 1989 (Boustead , 87p.).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Fish Diseases

Article Title: Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates

doi: 10.1111/jfd.14088

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Daily average reduction of viable Tenacibaculum CFU in RAS tanks over the entire experimental period for each strain. Tenacibaculum maritimum strain O‐AGC Type 2‐1 and Type 3‐2 experiments were ended on Day 3. (B) Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi and (C) T. maritimum isolated from infected fish skin, gills and mouth. The media showed no growth for the sample inoculated from the anterior kidney of the same individual infected fish.

Article Snippet: Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ; Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura ) was first reported in Aotearoa New Zealand Chinook salmon in 1989 (Boustead , 87p.).

Techniques: Isolation, Infection

Journal: Journal of Fish Diseases

Article Title: Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates

doi: 10.1111/jfd.14088

Figure Lengend Snippet: Box plot showing the abundance of (A) Tenacibaculum maritimum O‐AGC Type 3 and (B) Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi (copies/μL (sqrt)) in challenged fish from three categories (moribund, mortality and survivors) and for three tissues (anterior kidney, gills and skin). (A) Significant difference between the anterior kidney and either gill or skin (Bonferroni corrected pairwise Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests; p < 0.001). Significant difference between survivors and either moribund or mortality fish (stats test; p < 0.01). (B) Significant difference between survivors and mortality (stats test; p = 0.016). Black dots = outliers; Sqrt = square root transformed.

Article Snippet: Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ; Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura ) was first reported in Aotearoa New Zealand Chinook salmon in 1989 (Boustead , 87p.).

Techniques: Transformation Assay

Journal: Journal of Fish Diseases

Article Title: Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates

doi: 10.1111/jfd.14088

Figure Lengend Snippet: Linear regression of square root–transformed pathogen loads (copies/mL) between anterior kidney and external tissue (skin and gill) for Tenacibaculum maritimum (correlation coefficient 0.49) and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi (correlation coefficient 0.01), respectively.

Article Snippet: Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ; Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura ) was first reported in Aotearoa New Zealand Chinook salmon in 1989 (Boustead , 87p.).

Techniques: Transformation Assay

Journal: Journal of Fish Diseases

Article Title: Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates

doi: 10.1111/jfd.14088

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histopathological changes in the skin of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) exposed to Tenacibaculum species. (A) Fish in the control group not exposed to Tenacibaculum spp. showing scales (S) and overlying epidermis. (B, C) Fish exposed to Tenacibaculum maritimum . (B) Smolt exposed to T. maritimum showed increased lymphocytic infiltration (white arrows) and (C) ulceration into the dermis (white star). (D–F) Fish exposed to Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi . (D) Vacuolisation of skeletal muscle (V) and basophilic mats of filamentous bacteria (black stars) and lymphocytic infiltration (white arrows). (E, F) Filamentous bacterial mat (black stars) underlying skeletal muscle and increased lymphocytic infiltration (white arrows).

Article Snippet: Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ; Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura ) was first reported in Aotearoa New Zealand Chinook salmon in 1989 (Boustead , 87p.).

Techniques: Control, Bacteria

Journal: Journal of Fish Diseases

Article Title: Experimental Challenge of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) With Tenacibaculum maritimum and Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi Fulfils Koch's Postulates

doi: 10.1111/jfd.14088

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histopathological changes observed in the gills of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) exposed to Tenacibaculum spp. (A, B) Normal gills of Chinook salmon not exposed to Tenacibaculum spp. (C) Gill filaments of Chinook salmon exposed to Tenacibaculum maritimum showing primary lamellar hyperplasia (black triangles), complete degeneration of the secondary lamellae (white stars) and extensive lymphocytic infiltration (white triangles). (D) Gill showing further hyperplasia (black triangles) and epithelial lifting and necrosis (black arrow). (E, F) Extensive degeneration of the secondary lamellae (white stars) shown in salmon exposed to Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi .

Article Snippet: Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus ; Wakabayashi, Hikida, and Masumura ) was first reported in Aotearoa New Zealand Chinook salmon in 1989 (Boustead , 87p.).

Techniques: